In the vast field of mineral resource development and utilization, non-coal open-pit mining has gradually become the mainstream method due to its high efficiency, flexibility, and resource utilization. However, as mining depth increases and geological conditions become more complex, the technical difficulty and safety risks of non-coal open-pit mining rise accordingly. So, how can we ensure safe operations, achieve green mining, and maintain efficiency and economic benefits in non-coal open-pit mining? What are the key technical points in this process?
Scientific Planning of Mining Methods and Processes
Reasonable Selection of Mining Methods
The mining method for non-coal open-pit mines should be scientifically planned based on terrain, geological conditions, and ore characteristics. For example, one quarry uses a combination of slope and depression open-pit mining to improve efficiency while ensuring safety. For high-elevation areas, slope open-pit mining is employed, while for lower-elevation areas, depression open-pit mining is utilized, resulting in an adaptable and efficient strategy.
Precise Design of Mining Processes
The meticulous design of mining processes is the key to the success of open-pit mining. Every step, from drilling, blasting, secondary crushing, loading, and transportation, must be carefully controlled. Taking drilling as an example, the high-performance KT10 integrated open-pit rotary drill rig is selected to ensure precise and accurate drill hole diameter and depth, laying a solid foundation for subsequent blasting operations. Blasting operations employ deep-hole bench blasting technology combined with digital electronic detonators for sequential hole detonation, which not only enhances blasting efficiency but also reduces safety risks.
Strengthening Foundation Engineering Management
Ensure Stable and Reliable Foundation Engineering
Foundation engineering is the cornerstone of non-coal open-pit mining. Projects such as industrial square expansion, site leveling, drainage system construction, and road development all require careful management to ensure stability. Special attention must be given to slope treatment, setting parameters such as step slope angles and final slope angles to prevent landslides and other safety hazards.
Optimizing Production Stripping Elements
Optimizing the production and stripping factors is key to improving mining efficiency. Based on the properties of the ore and the performance of the mining equipment, parameters such as bench height, production bench slope angle, and working platform width should be set reasonably. For instance, one quarry determined a final step height of 10m, a production step slope angle of 70°, and a minimum platform width of 30m, ensuring efficient mining.
Efficient Execution of Drilling and Blasting Operations
Precise Drilling to Ensure Blasting Effectiveness
Drilling operations should carefully control parameters such as hole diameter, depth, and angle, based on the ore’s hardness and joint development. For example, using two KT10 surface blast hole drills can improve drilling efficiency and quality, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent blasting operation.
Safe Blasting to Minimize Environmental Impact
Blasting operations must strictly follow safety regulations. Using digital electronic detonators for sequential blasting reduces vibration and flying rock impact on the surrounding environment. The correct charge amount and detonation sequence ensure optimal blasting results.
Fine-tuning Secondary Crushing and Loading/Transport
Timely Secondary Crushing for Efficient Transport
For larger pieces of rock produced after blasting, secondary crushing must be carried out on time. High-efficiency equipment such as hydraulic breakers should be used to crush the ore and rock to a suitable size for subsequent shoveling and transportation. During this process, we must strictly check the condition of the equipment and the working environment to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.
Efficient Loading and Transport to Reduce Operating Costs
Loading, unloading, and transportation operations require the use of appropriate mechanical equipment. Depending on the nature of the ore and transportation requirements, wheel loaders, dump trucks, and other equipment should be selected appropriately to enable the rapid loading, unloading, and transportation of ore and waste rock. Well-planned transportation routes and access roads ensure smooth traffic flow for dump trucks. Advanced scheduling systems should monitor vehicle positions and transportation status in real time, adjusting plans to avoid congestion and delays.
Intelligent Safety Management
Adopt Advanced Technology for Enhanced Safety
Advanced technologies, such as 5 G+ smart technology, can be used to establish a private 5G network for autonomous mining truck operation and remote control. It not only improves safety in open-pit mining operations but also optimizes the working environment and enhances labor productivity.
Improving Safety Systems and Accountability
A robust safety management system should clearly define the safety responsibilities of all levels of management and operators. Regular safety training, emergency drills, and site inspections will help raise safety awareness and improve emergency response capabilities.
Conclusion
The key points of non-coal open-pit mining technology cover multiple aspects. Through scientific planning, precise implementation, efficient execution, and strengthened management, mining efficiency and safety can be significantly improved, laying a solid foundation for sustainable development in the mining industry.
